For a “company owned by humanity” in which every person in the world has one vote, a method is needed to verify that the online identity belongs to a real person. It is also necessary to ensure that people do not register multiple times. What solutions could be used to ensure this? Which of these solutions could be implemented on a small scale with little effort, and which could theoretically be scaled to the entire world population?


Twins.
Also, DNA doesnt really scale well to remote regions.
Even twins can be distinguished.
But of course, the entire approach would be a logistical nightmare.
https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/just-how-identical-are-identical-twins#%3A~%3Atext=After+the+embryo+splits%2C+tiny+changes+–
Wouldnt there also be continual changes of the same magnitude over the persons life? So any test that can tell apart twins wouldnt be able to ID someone consistently over their lifetime?
Not an expert here, so kinda curious.