If you really need a DE then XFCE is your best choice, otherwise try out IceWM; it’s the WM used by Antix Linux, so you know it’s gonna be light.

Both XFCE and IceWM are know for customization, and both of them aren’t the prettiest out of the box.

Linuxmint with xfce. Light, stable, perfect.

Apart from Ubuntu/Fedora (which are Snap/Flatpak heavy), I think you would be OK with any Linux distribution. I have a Intel Atom N270 and 2GiB of RAM happily running Debian Bookworm and KDE (with an SSD) your talking about something with far more power.

For me the considerations are as follows.

RAM

You’ve listed 4GiB of RAM, looking at my PC now (Debian Bookworm, KDE Desktop, 2 Flatpaks, Steam Store and Firefox ESR running), I am using 4.5GiB of RAM.

• 2.9GiB of that is Firefox,
• ~800MiB is Steam of which 550MiB is the Steam Store Web Browser.
• ~850MiB is the KDE desktop

Moving to XFCE or LXDE would help you reduce the Desktop RAM usage to 400MiB-600MiB, but you’ll still keeping hitting memory limits unless you install an addon to limit the number of tabs. Upgrading 8GiB in would resolve this weakness.

I get by on the Netbook limiting it to 3 tabs or steam.

Disk Storage
You’ve listed 500GiB of HDD Storage, this means you want to avoid any distribution which pushes Snaps/Flatpaks/Immutable OS because the amount of storage they require and loading that from a HDD would be insanely slow.

Similarly I would go for LXDE or KDE desktops, both are based on creating common shared system libraries so your desktop loads one instance of the library into memory and applications use it. As a result such desktops will quickly reach 1GiB of RAM but not increase much further.

Also moving from a HDD to SDD would give noticeable performance gains, the biggest performance bottleneck as far back as Core 2 Duo/Bulldozer CPU’s was Disk I/O.

GPU

The biggest issue will be the 710M, I don’t think NVidia’s Wayland driver covers this era so you’ll be stuck on X11. Considering the age of the GPU and the need for the proprietary driver, personally I would aim for Debian or OpenSuse the long release cycles mean you can get it working and it will stay that way.

From a desktop perspective, I would install KDE and if it was slow/tearing I’d switch to Mate desktop.

• KDE has some GPU effects but is largely CPU drawn, it tends to look nice and work
• Gnome 3 choses to use the GPU even when its less efficient so if it doesn’t work well on KDE it won’t on Gnome.
• Mate is Gnome 2 and works smoothly on pretty much anything.
• Cinnamon is Gnome 3
• XFCE is like Mate is just works everywhere, personally I find Mate a more complete desktop.

I agree 110% with everyone that is mentioning your DE is going to be an important choice. I run Tumbleweed, and moved from KDE (which I love for its customization and effects) to Enlightment, and I’ve seen the load (measure of how busy my system is) go from an average of 8 or 9, down to 2 or 3. Any distribution can be configured to be using minimal resources if you spend the time, if you want minimal out of the box, there are many that have that option too, but your DE is going to affect your performance a lot more than any minimally setup OS. That being said, Chrome and having lots of tabs open is going to kill your memory usage…

Linux can definitely make that thing fly, although the biggest limitation will be RAM - not from the desktop environment you choose, but from the web, depending on how many and what kinds of websites you rely on (for example I regularly use 20-30GB of my 64 through figma, pitch, Google docs, notion, ClickUp, and sites I develop that tend to be video and image heavy). Were I you, I would prioritize the 8Gb ram upgrade.

Aside from that, which distro you choose won’t make a huge difference. Some claim desktop environments like gnome and kde plasma are too heavy (I assume they mean in graphics processing and ram usage) and will insist on something like xfce or sway. Those are invariably very fiddly to set up, so if you’re a beginner, I would recommend sticking with gnome or kde despite. These will be the default on the distros you mentioned. Mint MATE edition would be your best bet for a classic desktop environment that might tick the “lighter” check mark if you really must.

I’d probably drop openSUSE Tumbleweed with LXQt on it. But that’s my preference for low-spec machines. There’s any number of distros with “lightweight” GUI’s that you can use. XFCE/MATE/LXQt probably being the ones that will give you the least headaches.

I would try and avoid GNOME and KDE desktop environments. Also would recommend avoiding Zorrin. It was one of the first distros I used and it wasn’t very stable and software compatibility was rubbish.

Mint is really good out of box, and if Cinnamon is too heavy they have an iso that ships with xfce which is a lot lighter (and uglier imo)

For a desktop environment, I suggest xfce or lxde. They’re very lightweight. As for the distro, all the ones you mentioned are Ubuntu-based. Even though there are some lightweight Ubuntu-based distros, like Zorin and Bodhi, you can do better. I’d suggest going for something lighter, such as the Arch-based EndeavourOS (xcfe is the default DE so it’s very well-supported).

Now, if you want something even more lightweight that’s still Debian-based like Ubuntu, Mint et al., take a look at BunsenLabs Linux. It’s blazing fast, extremely light and very user-friendly. It doesn’t use a traditional desktop environment. Instead, it uses the Openbox window manager, which requires much less resources - especially RAM, which seems like it’ll be the bottleneck on your laptop.

I am currently running KDE Neon 5.27 which is Ubuntu based, on an Inspiron 3551 with an Intel N3540 @ 2.16GHz which is a 4 core Atom,
and 4 GiB of RAM. With this 1 tab of Firefox open, the system is using 2GB of the RAM. I have had no issues running Neon on such a slow system with little RAM, but I don’t usually have many tabs or programs running at the same time. Pretty much all the desktop interfaces for Linux run with far less resources and bloat than Windows, I would start by finding which desktop environment you prefer. I have been a fan of KDE for many years now, but try different bootable distros to get a feel for which interface you would like.

As far as a Desktop Environment goes take a look at XFCE. It’s gtk based so will run all the Gnome style apps and look pretty, it’s super lightweight, and infinitely customizable.

If you’re keen on an Ubuntu flavor, the Xubuntu comes with it bundled. You can get it on any other distro, too, though.

Go with XFCE, it is perfect to start from. You will get a feeling for linux in a fairly intuitive environment. Then you can easily move on to other stuff if you want to. You can install multiple DEs/WMs and choose which one you want from the log in screen. You can install as many as you have disk space for.

One thing to know about the concept of “customization” in linux. It is on a whole other level than you may be thinking of. On linux when people say something is customizable, especially when you start reading phrases like “infinitely customizable” what it might means is that you must configure it to even open it. And to do that you will first have to spend a bunch of time learning about the application’s conventions, history, weirdsies, development environment, etc. You may also have to understand and be able to manipulate the underlying system architecture.

It’s fun to do once you reach the basic required skills, if you are interested in that kind of thing. but you can only learn so many things at a time, so set yourself up for success by starting easy. You can move on to a more complex situation at any time you are ready for it. Like imagine learning to drive in a place you’ve never been with totally different traffic laws than you are used to, and also it’s on the moon so gravity don’t work as expected. Better learn to drive in an empty parking lot close to where you live.

First thing is make sure linux will run at all on your computer. You can install it, boot it, shut it down, connect to the internet, play audio, make a backup, un/install applications, and other simple tasks. Just go path of least resistance. Don’t try to find the perfect set up. Just try something out.

• SSD ASAP

• Make a separate /home/ partition when you install — this will keep your actual files (documents, user configurations) safe® from screw-ups

• Find a way to make regular backups of your user and system configuration files, keeping past versions in case you screw something up but don’t realize it right away

I’d go with a “light” DE for now, or a WM if possible (although it’s very different from windows). Your laptop isn’t bad - it’s actually better than mine (i3 with no discrete gpu), but i added 8gb ram (now it’s 12gb total) and it was a game-changer.

Imo, Mint or Debian is okay if you don’t want to stray far from Windows but your choice of DE is pretty limited with a small amount of ram. Maybe use xfce?

Also check out antix, puppy linux, or lubuntu. Those might be better choices while you haven’t upgraded your memory. Idk much about dual boot since I use Linux alone on my laptop or vm on my desktop.

If you still want something lighter than XFCE you can try a window manager like dwm. It’s really light and you can customize the entire things by modifying the source code. If you just wanna customize simple things (color, font, key binds, etc.) you can edit a neat little file called config.h

Hope this helps!