The oldest fossils known are stromatolite fossils from 3.48 billion years ago. There are living stromatolites today. They predate Earth having significant oxygen in its atmosphere, because the cyanobacteria that formed them created the oxygen gas through photosynthesis from carbon dioxide. They’ve orbited the galaxy over fifteen times.
End-to-end encryption is the one of the most basic requirements for a communication system to be secure. Endpoint authentication is another. Message authentication is the third. After those 3 are fulfilled, further requirements can vary from system to system.
It’s like electrical or building code. Just because it’s compliant doesn’t mean it’s safe, but if it’s not compliant it’s almost certainly not safe. Necessary, not sufficient!
It can be fine if (and ONLY IF) the NPC matches your speed. There are other ways for it to be annoying, but that’s the easiest one to fix & the source of most of the annoyance IMO.
It’s only mostly methane. There are other gases, like ethane. Ethane clogs up power plants & furnaces, so it has to be separated out from the methane. It gets used to make PETE (#1), HDPE (#2), & LDPE (#4) plastics. Natural gas extraction produces so much waste ethane that it’s currently economically unviable to recycle those plastics, since it’s cheaper to make new. Even if sent to a recycling facility they almost entirely get landfilled or incinerated. :(
They dropped that for new programs years ago.
Focalboard. FOSS.
AFAIK the earliest recipe for something called “pizza” is basically a cake dusted with saffron & powdered sugar. In Bartolomeo Scappi’s 1570 cookbook “Opera dell’arte del cucinare”. So given how different it is from modern Pizza, I figure just about any round flat baked item with toppings is arguably a pizza.
What if we only kill non-rich people?
OV & EV also don’t prove that you’re the expected business with a given name. E.g. the incident where Ian Carroll registered a local business named “Stripe, Inc.” and got an EV cert for it. Which was entirely valid, despite being the name of a payment processor. Business names aren’t globally unique.
Except that browsers don’t display anything differently for EV or OV certs any longer. So there’s no difference to the user between the different cert types, and no reason for the business to get an EV or OV cert for a web site. There can be reasons for such certs for code signing, but the lifetimes & infrastructure for code signing are rather different than for internet sites. Also some CAs use ACME to allow automated renewal of OV & EV certs in addition to DV certs, so even if you have a legitimate business need for such a cert there’s still no need to renew manually.
Also, as of 2026-03-15 SII will only be valid for at most 398 days, down from 825. Max TLS cert lifetime will drop from 398 days to 200 days. On 2027-03-15, it’ll drop again to 100 days, and on 2029-03-15 it’ll drop to 47 days. Even for EV & OV certs. 47 days.
The only network you’re likely to use that actually follows the OSI model is the CAN bus inside a car. And that’s starting to get replaced by DoIP, which uses the IP model (link layer, internet layer, transport layer, application layer, note the lack of session & presentation layers and combination of the physical & data-link layers into the link layer).
The “AI safety” field is about two things: marketing AIs as so powerful that they’re risky to use but riskier to get left behind by competitors using, and keeping AIs from doing so much brand damage that stock price suffers. This story is about marketing an AI as powerful.
Yeah, there’s never a hard dividing line between a species and its immediate predecessor. Merely a gradual chain of mutations that eventually results in distinct populations. If those populations can’t successfully interbreed even if transported to meet, they’re different species. The definitions for asexually reproducing organisms are even more fuzzy. This concept that taxonomy doesn’t have fixed divisions confuses a lot of anti-evolutionists.
The proto-chicken was a mutant Red Junglefowl. Just like a proto-dog was a mutant wolf.
Viagra: for when your south needs to rise again.
The US has no national ID system.
The business is genociding the out-group. It is just the cost of doing business to them.
I always knew Mondrian was painting cow production machines.
The photograph example has local hidden variables. The quantum version doesn’t, but nothing has ruled out non-local hidden variables. Locality is a nice property we want the universe to have, but the universe doesn’t have to obey our desires.
I generally dislike self-censorship & other compliance in advance with authoritarianism, but people calling pædophiles “PDF files” is great as an insult to the format. Donald Trump is a PDF file, and I mean that as an insult to PDF files!