Dude, all you needed to be defined a “kulak” was to own your own homestead, they worked on their farms themselves. Serfdom had been over for more than a hundred years at that point.
During the first five-year plan, Joseph Stalin’s all-out campaign to take land ownership and organisation away from the peasantry meant that, according to historian Robert Conquest, “peasants with a couple of cows or five or six acres [~2 ha] more than their neighbors” were labeled kulaks.
You make it sound so wholesome using your sanitized history from natopedia, meanwhile here’s the reality, your grand grandparents were exploiting scumbags
Ah yes, the suffering of my (great)grandparents is surely imaginary.
Aww, I’m sorry your (great)grandparents had their serfs taken away and were forced to become productive members of society.
Dude, all you needed to be defined a “kulak” was to own your own homestead, they worked on their farms themselves. Serfdom had been over for more than a hundred years at that point.
Kulaks were literal exploiters. Maybe learn some history, you’ll find out why the term means a fist.
Maybe you should do some reading too.
There were no serfs in the 20th century: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abolition_of_serfdom_in_Livonia
And the people considered kulaks by Stalin were often the same peasants, who got pieces of land taken from the actual nobility in the interwar land reform: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvian_Land_Reform_of_1920
Tell us, why were they called kulaks little buddy?
So owning marginally more than your neighbours. Wow, what a horrible crime.
You make it sound so wholesome using your sanitized history from natopedia, meanwhile here’s the reality, your grand grandparents were exploiting scumbags
https://sci-hub.se/https://www.jstor.org/stable/149521
Ah yes, getting skinned alive so hard by women and children.