Kerala’s population is very much spread out, with few cities. Less than 4% lived in cities in . Most people live in independent houses with a plot of land around them, and the waste is treated in individual septic tanks attached to houses rather than reliant on the municipal waste management. IMO this is a better approach than the centralized approach as it limits the waste the government has to handle. Th above figure only looks at the municipal waste management, which grossly misrepresents the figure.